A Player's Guide Newsletter, issue #03

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A Player's Guide Newsletter issue #03 --- the Pentatonic Scale

What's Inside

Pentatonic Scales

Major Pentatonic Scales

Minor Pentatonic Scales

The Blues Scale

Now, moving on from the last issue of this newsletter, let's finish up "scales" with a very popular, fun scale, the pentatonic scale.

Pentatonic Scales

The pentatonic scale is arguably one of the most widely used scales in music. It can be found in just about all ancient and contemporary cultures, including Celtic folk music, Hungarian folk music, African-American spirituals, Gospel music, American folk music, Jazz, American blues music, rock music and many more.

The pentatonic is a 5 note scale as opposed to the more traditional major and minor scales, which contain all 7 notes of the musical alphabet (or the 12 note chromatic scale.)

Pentatonic scales are closely related to the traditional major and minor scales. They can also be major or minor.

Major Pentatonic Scales

Major pentatonic scales are basically major scales without the 4th and 7th scale steps: 1-2-3-5-6-(8-1) So a C major pentatonic would be: C-D-E-G-A-C

Here is a C major scale and a C major pentatonic scale:

The 4th and 7th steps of the seven note major scale have very strong tendencies to resolve; the 4th wants to resolve to the 3rd and the 7th wants to go to the tonic. By omitting these strong, dominant tones, the pentatonic achieves a total lack of the most dissonant intervals between any pitches; there are no minor seconds, major sevenths or tritones. This means any note can be played in any order or combination without clashing. This makes it much easier to manipulate the notes when improvising or writing melodies.

Here are some other major pentatonic scales:

If you have ever played around with or tried improvising with just the black keys on a piano, you have been playing with a Gb major pentatonic scale: Gb-Ab-Bb-Db-Eb

Many popular melodies are based on this five note scale. The first 2 phrases of Stephen Foster's "Oh! Susanna" are based on a major pentatonic scale:

Minor Pentatonic Scales

The minor pentatonic scale is basically the natural minor scale minus the 2nd and 6th scale steps.

Here are the C natural minor scale and C minor pentatonic scale:

Note that the minor pentatonic does use the 4th and 7th steps of the natural minor scale. This is because they are a whole step from the 3rd and tonic and don't have the same strong resolution tendency as the half steps in the major. However, the 2nd and 6th steps are omitted because they are a 1/2 step from the 3rd and 5th. By eliminating the more dissonant half steps, the minor pentatonic has a similar quality and function as the minor scale and the popular blues scale.

This is an ideal, straightforward scale for blues improvisation.

The Blues Scale

The Blues Scale is a seven note scale that is primarily used in jazz, blues and rock. This scale has notes that are called "blue" notes. They are played (or sung) lower, or flat. These notes ore the 3rd and the 7th.

The seven scale notes are:

root
flat 3rd
4th
flat 5th (or sharp 4th - enharmonically the same)
5th
flatted 7th
root octave

In the key of C this would be C-Eb-F-Gb (or F#)-G-Bb-C.

Here it is ascending and descending:

For a more complete presentation, as well as audio examples of these FUN SCALES, some practicing and improvising tips, go to:

BLUES SCALE - 12 BAR BLUES - PENTATONIC SCALES

Harmony and Theory: A Comprehensive Source for All Musicians (Essential Concepts (Musicians Institute).) By Carl Schroeder, Keith Wyatt

So, that's it for now. Stay tuned for Newsletter issue# 04:

the next stop on our ROAD MAP!

This will follow around the 1st of the month!

Thanks, and enjoy the website!

Copyright © 2011 Ralph Martino
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